Survey Papers

  • Patiwat Panurach, "Money in electronic commerce: digital cash, electronic fund transfer, and Ecash," Comm. of ACM, Vol. 39, No.6, pp. 45-50, 1996.
  • David Chaum and Stefan Brands, "Minting Electronic Cash", IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 30-34, 1997.
  • N. Asokan, Phillipe A. Janson, Michael Steiner, and Michael Waidner, "The State of the Art in Electronic Payment Systems," IEEE Computer, Vol. 30, No. 9, September 1997
  • Max Schmidt, Matthias Schunter, and Arnd Weber, "Is Electronic Cash Possible," Technischer Bericht Nr. A/03/98, Fachbereich Informatik, Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken 1998.
  • Markus Jakobsson, David MRaihi, Yiannis Tsiounis, and Moti Yung, "Electronic Payments: Where do we go from here?," Proc. of the CQRE'99, LNCS 1740, pp. 43-63, Springer, 1999.

1980-1989

  • David Chaum, "Blinding Signatures for Untraceable Payments," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1982, pp. 199-203, Plenum Press, 1983.
  • Shimon Even, Oded Goldreich, and Yacov Yacobi, "Electronic Wallet," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1983, pp. 383-386, Plenum Press, 1984.
  • David Chaum, Amos Fiat, and Moni Noar, "Untraceable Electronic Cash," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1988, LNCS 403, pp. 319-327, Springer, 1990.
    offline electronic coin, cut-and-choose
  • Ivan Damgard, "Payment Systems and Credential Mechanisms with Provable Security against Abuse by Individuals," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1988, LNCS 403, pp. 328-335, Springer, 1990.
  • Tatsuaki Okamoto and Kazuo Ohta, "Disposable Zero-Knowledge Authentications and their Applications to Untraceable Electronic Cash," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1989, LNCS 435, pp. 481-496, Springer, 1990.
  • David Chaum, "Online Cash Checks," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1989, LNCS 434, pp. 288-293, Springer, 1990.
    online electronic check, cookie-jar
  • David Chaum, Bert den Boer, Eugene van Heyst, Stig F. Mjoelsnes, and Adri Steenbeek, "Efficient offline electronic checks (extended abstract)," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1989, LNCS 434, pp. 294-301, Springer, 1990.
    offline electronic check, cut-and-choose
  • Holger Burk and Andreas Pfitzmann, "Digital Payment Systems: Enabling Security and Unobservability," Computers and Security, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 399-416, 1989.
1990-1992

  • Holger Burk and Andreas Pfitzmann, "Value Exchange Systems Enabling Security and Unobservability," Computers and Security, Vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 715-721, 1990.
  • Tatsuaki Okamoto and Kazuo Ohta, "Universal Electronic Cash," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1991, LNCS 576, pp. 324-337, Springer, 1992.
    offline divisible cash, cut-and-choose, hierarchical structure table, square root problem,
  • Birgit Pfitzmann and Michael Waidner, "How to Break and Repair a "Provably Secure" Untraceable Payment System," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1991, LNCS 576, pp. 338-350, Springer, 1992.
  • Sebastian von Solms and David Naccache, "On Blind Signatures and Perfect Crimes," Computers and Security, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 581-583, 1992.
  • David Chaum and Torben P. Pedersen, "Wallet Databases with Observers," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1992, LNCS 740, pp. 89-105, Springer, 1993.
  • Rafael Hirschfeld, "Making Electronic Refunds Safer," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1992, LNCS 740, pp. 106-112, Springer, 1993.
    offline electronic check, cut-and-choose
  • David Chaum and Torben Pedersen, "Transferred Cash Grows in Size," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1992, LNCS 658, pp. 390-407, Springer, 1993.
1993

  • Stefan Brands, "An Efficient Off-line Electronic Cash System Based on the Representation Problem," CWI(Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) Technical Report CS-R9323, Mar. 1993.
  • Niels Ferguson, "Single Term Off-Line Coins," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1993, LNCS 765, pp. 318-328, Springer, 1994.
    offline electronic coin, randomized blind signature(based on RSA)
  • Ronald Cramer and Torben Pedersen, "Improved Privacy in Wallets with Observers," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1993, LNCS 765, pp. 329-343, Springer, 1994.
  • Niels Ferguson, "Extensions of Single Term Coins," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1993, LNCS 773, pp. 292-301, Springer, 1994.
  • Stefan Brands, "Untraceable Off-Line Cash in Wallets with Observers," Advances in Cryptology, Crypto 1993, LNCS 773, pp. 302-318, Springer, 1994.
    offline electronic coin, restrictive blind signature, representation problem
  • Matt Franklin and Moti Yung, "Secure and Efficient Off-line Digital Money," Proc. of the 20th Int. Colloquium on Automata, Language and Programming, LNCS 700, pp. 265-276, Springer, 1993.
    offline electronic coin, oblivious authentication
  • Gennady Medvinsky and Clifford Neuman, "NetCash: A Design for Practical Electronic Currency on the Internet," Proc. of the 1st ACM Conf. on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 102-106, ACM Press, 1993.
1994

  • Steven H. Low, Sanjoy Paul, and Nicholas F. Maxemchuk "Anonymous Credit Cards," Proc. of the 2nd ACM Conf. on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 108-117, ACM Press, 1994.
  • Jan Camenisch, Jean-Marc Piveteau, and Markus Stadler, "An Efficient Electronic Payment System Protecting Privacy," Proc. of the 3rd European Symp. on Research in Computer Security, ESORICS'94, LNCS 875, pp. 207-215, Springer, 1994.
  • Yacov Yacobi, "Efficient Electronic Money," Advances in Cryptology, Asiacrypt 1994, LNCS 917, pp. 153-163, Springer, 1995.
  • Stefano D'amingo and Giovanni Di Crescenzo, "Methodology for Digital Money based on General Cryptograhic Tools," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt'94, LNCS 950, pp. 156-170, Springer, 1995.
  • Tony Eng and Tatsuaki Okamoto, "Single-term Divisible Electronic Coins," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt'94, LNCS 950, pp. 306-319, Springer, 1995.
    offline divisible cash, extension to Brands scheme, binary tree structure
1995

1996

1997

1998

  • Tatsuaki Okamoto and Kazuo Ohta, "One-Time Zero-knowledge Authentications and Their Applications to Untraceable Electronic Cash," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Science, Vol. E81-A, No. 1, pp. 2-10, Jan. 1998.
  • Tatsuaki Okamoto and Moti Yung, "Lower Bounds on Term-based Divisible Cash System," Proc. of the 1st Int. Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography, PKC 1998, LNCS 1431, pp. 72-82, Springer, 1998.
  • Richard J.Lipton, Rafail Ostrovsky, "Micro-Payments via Efficient Coin-Flipping," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 1-15, Springer, 1998.
  • Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels, "X-Cash: Executable Digital Cash," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 16-27, Springer, 1998.
  • David M'Raihl and David Pointcheval, "Distributed Trustees and Revocability: A Framework for Internet Payment," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 28-42, Springer, 1998.
  • Anna Lysyanskaya and Zulfikar Ramzan, "Group Blind Digital Signatures: A Scalable Solution to Electronic Cash," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 184-197, Springer, 1998.
  • Aymeric de Solages and Jacques Traore, "An Efficient Fair Off-Line Electronic Cash System with Extensions to Checks and Wallets with Observer," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 275-295, Springer, 1998.
    offline electronic coin/check, anonymity control, representation problem
  • Shingo Miyazaki and Kouichi Sakurai, "A More Efficient Untraceable E-Cash System with Partially Blind Signature Based on the Discrete Logarithm Problem," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Financial Cryptography, LNCS 1465, pp. 296-308, Springer, 1998.
  • Mihir Bellare, Juan A. Garay, Charanjit Jutla, and Moti Yung, "VarietyCash: a Multi-purpose Electronic Payment System," Proc. of the 3rd Usenix Workshop on Electronic Commerce, 1998.
  • Tomi Poutanen, Heather Hinton, and Michael Stumm, "NetCents: A Lightweight Protocol for Secure Micropayments," Proc. of the 3rd Usenix Workshop on Electronic Commerce, 1998.
  • Agnes Chan, Yair Frankel, and Yiannis Tsiounis, "Easy Come - Easy Go Divisible Cash," Advances in Cryptology, Eurocrypt 1998, LNCS 1403, pp. 561-575, Springer, 1998.
    offline divisible cash
  • Yair Frankel, Yiannis Tsiounis, and Moti Yung, "Fair Off-Line E-cash Made Easy," Advances in Cryptology, Asiacrypt 1998, LNCS 1514, pp. 257-270, Springer, 1998.
  • Colin Boyd and Ernest Foo, "Off-line Fair Payment Protocols Using Convertible Signatures," Advances in Cryptology, Asiacrypt 1998, LNCS 1514, pp. 271-285, Springer, 1998.
1999

2000

  • Birgit Pfitzmann and Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, "Self-Escrowed Cash against User Blackmailing," Proc. of the 4th Conf. on Financial Cryptography, FC 2000, LNCS 1962, pp. 42-52, Springer, 2001.
  • Tomas Sander, Amnon Ta-Shma, and Moti Yung, "Blind, Auditable Membership Proofs," Proc. of the 4th Conf. on Financial Cryptography, FC 2000, LNCS 1962, pp. 53-71, Springer, 2001.
    offline electronic coin, non-signature based, one-way accumulator
  • David Pointcheval, "Self-Scrambling Anonymizers," Proc. of the 4th Conf. on Financial Cryptography, FC 2000, LNCS 1962, pp. 259-275, Springer, 2001.
    offline electronic coin, anonymity control, designated verifier undeniable signature
  • Toru Nakanishi and Yuji Sugiyama, "Unlinkable Divisible Electronic Cash," Proc. of the 3rd Int. Workshop on Information Security, ISW 2000, LNCS 1975, pp. 121-134, Springer, 2000.
  • Sung-Ming Yen and Yuliang Zheng, "Weighted One-way Hash Chain and its Applications," Proc. of the 3rd Int. Workshop on Information Security, ISW 2000, LNCS 1975, pp. 135-148, Springer, 2000.
  • Greg Maitland, Jason Reid, Ernest Foo, Colin Boyd, and Ed Dawson, "Linkability in Practical Electronic Cash Design," Proc. of the 3rd Int. Workshop on Information Security, ISW 2000, LNCS 1975, pp. 149-163, Springer, 2000.
2001-CURRENT

  • Dennis Kugler and Holger Vogt, "Fair Tracing without Trustees," Proc. of the 5th Conf. on Financial Cryptography, FC 2001, LNCS 2339, pp. 136-148, Springer, 2002.
  • Dennis Kugler and Holger Vogt, "Marking: A Privacy Protecting Approach against Blackmailing," Proc. of the 4th Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography, PKC 2001, LNCS 1992, pp. 137-152, Springer, 2001.
  • Dennis Kugler and Holger Vogt, "Auditable Tracing with Unconditional Anonymity," Proc. of the 2nd Int. Workshop on Information Security Applications, WISA 2001, pp. 151-164, Sept. 2001.
  • Dennis Kugler and Holger Vogt, "Off-line Payments with Auditable Tracing," Proc. of the 6th Conf. on Financial Cryptography, FC 2002, March 2002.


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Last Updated. 2002. 8. 6.